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2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement

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For other uses, see Bangladesh quota reform movement.

Student in Rangpur killed during protesters' clash with police
Student demonstrations in Shahbagh, Dhaka in July 2024
Clockwise from the top:
  • Police blockade a mass procession
  • A female student carrying a sign saying "কোটা নাকি মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!" (lit. 'Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!')
  • A male student carrying a sign saying "ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল" (lit. 'Break down the shackles of those quotas') wearing shackles
Date16 July 2024
Location
Bangladesh and abroad
Caused byReinstatement of the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs through the declaration of the 2018 government circular as illegal by the Bangladesh High Court.
GoalsReduction of the amount of quotas in all government jobs in Bangladesh
Methods
StatusOngoing
Parties
Protesters
  • Anti-discrimination Students' Movement
  • Unaffiliated students from various colleges and universities
  • Bangladesh diaspora (abroad)

Supported by:


Pro-quota counter protesters
Lead figures

Collective leadership

</ref> and 1 Chatra Dal activist[12]

Injuries: ~11,000+ (including children)[a]

| casualties2 = Deaths: 1 Chhatra League activist[28][29]

Injuries: Many Chhatra League activists and policemen[30]
The Government-funded Television channel Bangladesh Television has been partially burnt [31] | casualties3 = Deaths: 3 civilians[32][33][34] and 1 journalist[35]

Injuries: 25+ journalists[36][37] | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = }} The 2024 Quota Reform Movement,[38] dubbed as Bangla Blockade by the protesters, is an ongoing protest movement spearheaded by the students, as well as teachers,[39][40] of both the public and private universities of Bangladesh. The movement demands the reform of the conventional system of quota-based recruitment of government jobs in the country.[41][42][43] The protests started in response to a verdict by the High Court division on 5 June 2024, which declared the 2018 government circular cancelling the 30% quota for freedom fighters' descendants in government jobs, illegal.[44][45] The circular was issued in the wake of the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[46][47]

After the court decision, online activism started against the verdict, along with calls for "another 2018". Initial protests were staged in early-June, mainly concentrated in the capital Dhaka, but were later discontinued due to Eid-ul-Adha and summer holidays. After the holiday, peaceful demonstrations by the students restarted on 1 July, while public university teachers declared a strike protesting the new Universal Pension Scheme[clarification needed], causing universities to close. Demonstrations spread nationwide as the movement became headed by a newly organised Boishommobirodhee Chhatro Andolon (Bengali: বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলন, lit. 'Anti-discrimination Students' Movement'), an umbrella organisation for the student protesters. On 7 July, protestors started the nationwide Bangla Blockade, organising traffic and rail obstruction with demonstrations in major cities and metropolises such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Cumilla, Jessore, Rangpur and Rajshahi.[48] While the Appellate Division ordered a four-week status quo regarding the quota on 10 July, protests continued and demanded a solution from the government.[49] Protests turned violent for the first time the next day as the police clashed with the students. On 14 July, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina made controversial remarks, escalating the situation. On 15 July, the ruling Awami League solidified its stance against the demonstrations, and the protestors met violent suppression from the Chhatra League, leaving several hundred injured.[50][51][52]

Background

[edit]
Further information: Quota system of Bangladesh Civil Service

After the High Court verdict was published on 5 June 2024, students of various universities in Dhaka united to demand quota reform. After the movement was initially started, it was postponed due to Eid and summer holidays. After the holidays, the agitation started again peacefully but gradually became widespread. Initially the students and teachers of public universities including University of Dhaka, Jagannath University, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Jahangirnagar University, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Comilla University, Islamic University and other educational institutions joined the movement.[53] Later, the students of private universities including North South University, Independent University Bangladesh, BRAC University, American International University-Bangladesh, United International University, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Southeast University and Varendra University also followed suit by joining the public demonstration.[54] Under the banner of Anti-discrimination Students' Movement, students started the Bangla Blockade. During the movement, the Appellate Division issued a status quo for four weeks on 10 July, cancelling the freedom fighter quota. Reacting to the court verdict, the students said they are seeking a final solution to the quota issue from the government, claiming the movement has nothing to do with the court. The protest also affected the domestic train and road transportation networks.[55][56]

Demands

[edit]

The Anti-discrimination Students' Movement has put forward the following demands to the government:[57][58]

  • Cancellation of the existing quota system for government jobs.
  • Provision of the quota at fair rates to minority groups and disabled people.
  • Passing a new law in the parliament which establishes a new quota system for a maximum of 5% of total jobs.

Timeline

[edit]
Student carrying a protest sign written "কোটা একটি ভিক্ষা; মুক্তি পাক শিক্ষা" (lit. 'Quota is an alm; education be freed').
An anti-quota protester carrying a protest sign written "আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো ১৫ জুলাই, আমরা কিভাবে ভুলে যাই? কোটা মুক্ত দেশ চাই!" (lit. 'My brothers' blood spattered 15 July, how can we forget? Wants a quota-free country!').

5 June – 9 July

[edit]

On 5 June, the High Court reinstated the job quota that reserves 30% of the civil service posts for the children and grandchildren of freedom fighters in the Bangladesh Liberation War.[59]

Six universities performed peaceful protests against the quota ruling.[60]

Due to the Eid ul Adha vacation, the protest calmed down, until the holiday ended.[61]

On 7 July, students staged a blockade, and demanded the rescinding of the quota.[62]

10 July

[edit]

University of Dhaka students gathered in front of the central library and went to Shahbagh and besieged[clarification needed] the place. Members of the law and order forces positioned barricades in front of the students. In the afternoon, it is known that the status quo has been given for four weeks in the judgement given by the High Court cancelling the quota system. The Chief Justice asked the students to go back. Dhaka's transport system came to a standstill due to the blockade in various parts of Dhaka. Long-distance buses were stopped due to the agitation.[63]

Police attacked protesting students of Comilla University.[64]

11 July

[edit]

The blockade in Shahbagh[65] was supposed to start from 03:00 PM but due to rain, the students crossed the police barricade on their way to Shahbagh and started at 04:30 PM. Dhaka College students retreated due to police barricades and Dhaka University students joined the students of Jagannath University at Shahbagh. Apart from Shahbagh, other places in Dhaka were unaffected by the movement. At 09:00 PM, the students ended their agitation and announced a protest march and rally on 12 July to protest the police attack on them.[63]

12 July

[edit]

At 05:00 PM, students gathered at Shahbagh and staged a blockade.[66]

While students were protesting at Comilla Victoria College, a group of Chhatra League members launched an attack. During the situation, a student who was recording a video was taken to a hall and beaten by the Chhatra League members.[67]

13 July

[edit]

Students protested by blocking the railway tracks in Rajshahi.[68] In Dhaka, DU students held a press conference in the evening, where they complained that attempts were being made to block the students' movement with lawsuits.[69]

14 July

[edit]

Students marched in Dhaka and held a sit-in protest and blockade, later submitting a memorandum to President Mohammed Sahabuddin.[70]

In response to the controversial statement allegedly made by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh during a press conference, where she reportedly referred to students protesting the quota reform movement as the children of Rajakars (traitors in the 1971 Independence War), students organized a midnight demonstration at the Dhaka University campus area. Female students from Rokeya Hall joined the protest by breaking the lock put up by the authorities at the dorm gate.[71]

The government instructed operators to shut down the 4G network in the University of Dhaka area.[72] At around 11:30 PM, leaders and members of the Bangladesh Chhatra League attacked protesters at the University of Chittagong[73] injuring 13 protesters.[74]

15 July

[edit]

In Jessore at around 12:00 pm, students from Jessore University of Science and Technology and Michael Madhusudan College staged a protest, where a member of the Chhatra League attacked and injured a protester.[75]

In Dhaka, Members of the Chhatra League started their procession to Shahbagh from Segunbagicha near Motsho Bhobon at around 03:45 PM.[76]

Later in the evening, Chhatra League members attacked students inside Bijoy Ekattor Hall of Dhaka University, where some of the attackers were seen shooting with pistols and carrying sticks.[77] In response, the protesters also threw brickbats from the inside of the hall to retaliate.[78] While covering the protest in the University of Dhaka, two journalists from The Daily Star and Prothom Alo were assaulted and injured in the attack carried out by the Chhatra League.[79][76]

At 5:30 pm, members of the Chhatra League attempted to attack the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, where over 200 students injured in the clashes were seeking treatment.[80][81] After several attempts throughout the afternoon, Chhatra League members, some wearing helmets, forcibly entered DMCH around 7:30 PM and initiated an attack. Many were observed carrying rods and Chinese axes.[82] They targeted students already injured in the quota reform movement and vandalized several ambulances parked at DMCH.[83]

Later the same evening, an attack carried out by the Chhatra League Rajshahi branch at Rajshahi University left six students injured, including the joint convenor of the Bangladesh Students Union at RU.[84]

In Comilla, The CoU coordinator of the anti-discrimination student movement was assaulted at around 8:00 pm when eight Chhatra League members called him to check his phone and beat him.[85]

The protesters called for nation-wide demonstrations and rallies in all educational institutions of the country at 03:00 pm on 16 July.[86]

16 July

[edit]

At around 12:15 am, members of the Chhatra League attacked Jahangirnagar University students using firearms. The students took shelter at the vice-chancellor's residence after breaking its lock.[87] Around 300 Chhatra League members, armed with GI pipes and sticks, threw bricks and glass bottles at the students. Shots were reportedly fired, injuring two journalists, including one from Dhaka Tribune and over 50 student protesters.[88]

Police arrived to control the situation, while both groups positioned themselves outside the vice-chancellor's residence. Students claimed the attackers included outsiders, some in their forties.[89] Later on, the sub-inspector of the Ashulia Police Department instead decided to blame the students by stating that the protesters are to blame for causing "this mayhem".[90]

A violent incident involving police and students demanding quota reforms took place in front of Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur between 2:30 PM and 3:00 PM. Police resorted to lathi charges and firing during the incident. According to Dr. Md. Yunus Ali, Director of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, a Begum Rokeya University student named Abu Sayed died after being brought to the hospital with gunshot wounds.[91]

At around 3:30 PM, it was reported that in the Farmgate–Khamabari area, Chhatra League assailants attacked protestors with sticks. When the protestors took shelter in the Farmgate metro station, the assailants entered and started to beat the students, which was witnessed by passengers. Police were allegedly deployed to control the situation.[92] However, DMTCL, the authority responsible for the operation for the Dhaka Metro Rail, denied these claims and stated that guards of the station drove the "miscreants" away as they entered with bamboo sticks. They also stated that there was no damage to the station. However, they announced plans to close some of the gates of the station complex for some time to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.[93]

Students from various private universities and colleges also protested and blocked roads against the violence of the Chhatra League in the quota reform movement, including Notre Dame College, Dhaka Residential Model College, RAJUK Uttara Model College, Adamjee Cantonment College, Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, Ideal School and College, Ideal College, Dhaka City College, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, BAF Shaheen College Kurmitola, Birshrestha Noor Mohammad Public College, Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rauf Public College, PrimeAsia University, United International University, BRAC University, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dania College, Dr. Mahbubur Rahman Mollah College, State University of Bangladesh, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Daffodil International University, North South University, American International University Bangladesh, Independent University, Bangladesh, Eastern University, City University, East West University, Southeast University, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Manarat International University and many others.[94][95][96][97]

Students of North South University, Independent University Bangladesh and BRAC University protested at and around their respective premises areas at Bashundhara Residential Area and Merul Badda with the blockade set up by the students extending up to Baridhara, the streets in front of the Jamuna Future Park mall, the largest mall in the country, Notun Bazar, Badda, and Kuril, causing gridlock to its neighbouring areas as well, including Rampura, Banasree, Badda Link Road and Abul Hotel area in Malibagh. Students of Primeasia University blocked the Banani area. Students of Notre Dame College protested in the country's main financial hub and the largest central business district of Motijheel at Shapla Square. Students of Daffodil International University also made an attempt to start a demonstration at the road, but instead protested on-campus. Students of other universities and colleges also joined the protests. Protests also took place in Dhanmondi, specifically in front of the Science Laboratory area and in Uttara. Gridlocks were also experienced at places like Mohammadpur, Dhanmondi, Mirpur Road, and Gabtoli.[98][99][100]

Students blocked railway lines in Chattogram and Mohakhali.[101] The Dhaka–Chattogram,[102] Dhaka–Barisal,[103] Dhaka–Rajshahi[104] and Dhaka–Tangail highways were also blocked.[105]

In the evening, the Ministry of Education announced the indefinite closure of schools and colleges[106][107] and the postponing of the HSC exam scheduled for 18 July.[108]

The UGC declared that all public and private universities across the country will remain closed until further notice.[109] At the same time, all affiliated medical, textile, engineering and other colleges will also remain closed.[110][111] The commission also directed university authorities to vacate residential halls allegedly considering safety of the students.[112]

In remembrance of the fallen, the movement announced a symbolic funeral prayer scheduled for July 17.[113]

17 July

[edit]

Clashes erupted with police after the funeral prayer program organized by the BNP and other parties to honor six individuals killed on 16 July for the quota reform movement.[114]

The government ordered all students to vacate the residential halls.[115] The protestors rejected the order, to which the authorities deployed police to evacuate the halls.[116][117][118] Students who blocked the Dhaka-Barisal highway announced a total shutdown for 18 July, allowing only emergency services, to protest police violence, demand justice for the deceased, and call for a terror-free campus.[119]

18 July

[edit]

In the morning police clashed with BRAC University students on the streets of Badda.[120] Police also charged batons and fired tear gas canisters at the students and lobedb tear gas shells at the BRACU campus.[121][122] Reports indicated that approximately 30 students were killed by the Bangladesh police.[123]

Minister of Law Anisul Haque talked to the Attorney General about appealing to the court on 21 July for the hearing of the case[clarification needed]. He requested the students to withdraw the movement.[124] Students stormed the headquarters of the state-owned television network Bangladesh Television and committed an arson attack. The network was obliged to cease transmissions following the attack[clarification needed].[125][126][127][128]

The Bangladesh Police, Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Prime Minister's Office and Bangladesh Chhatra League's official website was hacked by a pro-protester group[129] as a response to the violence and attacks carried out by the police and the Chhatra League.[130][131]

At around 9 pm, the government shut down internet access across the entire country.[132]

19 July

[edit]

The Dhaka Metropolitan Police, in an attempt to hinder the students' protests, announced the indefinite suspension of public gatherings and processions.[133] The Bangladesh Railway authorities, on orders from higher-ups in the government, directed train services between Dhaka and the rest of the country to shut down to prevent quota reform protestors from using trains to travel or form gatherings, according to several unnamed railway supervisors speaking with Prothom Alo.[134] The nationwide shutdown of Internet access begun on 18 July continued into 19 July.[135]

Throughout the country, calls for quota reform protests largely continued. Around 10:00 a.m., teachers at Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology wore black face coverings in protest.[136] At approximately 12:45 p.m., after protesters in Kishoreganj District's Bhairab Thana surrounded the police station, police fired into the crowd from within the station, injuring over a hundred students.[137]

Some clashes with the police also took place elsewhere, including in Uttara, Mohammadpur, and Badda thanas of Dhaka.[138]

In Narsingdi, quota reform protesters stormed a prison and released hundreds of inmates before setting the facility on fire.[139]

The government imposed a curfew and deployed troops nationwide.[140]

At midnight, a meeting took place between three government representatives and three representatives of the protesters: Sarjis Alam, Hasnat Abdullah, and Tanvir Ahmed.[141] Notably, Sarjis Alam was a member of the Chhatra League and participated in the 2019 DUCSU election as a candidate from the Chhatra League.[142]

Razakar remarks

[edit]
Students of the University of Rajshahi using the Razakar slogans at 11:30pm on 14 July 2024

On 14 July, Prime minister Sheikh Hasina said:

If the grandchildren of freedom fighters don't get quota benefits, will those then go to the grandchildren of the Razakars?[b] That's my question, the countrymen's question.

In response to the Prime Minister's comment, in the early hours of 15 July 2024 students began using slogans such as "তুমি কে, আমি কে? রাজাকার, রাজাকার! কে বলেছে, কে বলেছে? স্বৈরাচার, স্বৈরাচার!"[c] (lit. 'Who are you? Who am I? A Razakar, a Razakar! Who has said it? Who has said it? The Autocrat, the Autocrat!')[143] and "চাইতে গেলাম অধিকার, হয়ে গেলাম রাজাকার!"[d] (lit. 'Sought for rights, got turned into a Razakar!').[144][145] The protesters argued that the Prime Minister's statement indirectly labelled them as "Razakars" and demeaned them for advocating for quota reform,[146] which led them to adopt the slogan.[147]

The Bangladesh Chhatra League threatened that any protester using these slogans would face consequences, as they viewed these actions as offensive to the spirit of the liberation war and freedom fighters. It also announced plans to take action if the usage of these slogans continued.[148][149] Social Welfare Minister Dipu Moni stated that the protesters should not have the right to hold the flag of Bangladesh.[150] In light of these events, the Prime Minister questioned the education of the protesters.[151]

Aftermath

[edit]

Due to the Chhatra League attacks, major universities across Dhaka including Dhaka University and Jagannath university have expelled many associated with the group. In Dhaka University, authorities even went on to accept the students 10 point demands.[152][failed verification]

Casualties

[edit]

As of 18 July 2024, seventeen fatalities have been reported nationwide due to the attacks and violence carried out by Chhatra League and Bangladesh Police.[153][154] In addition, over 6000 students, civilians and children have been injured.[citation needed]

17 July

[edit]

The reported fatalities include Md. Shahjahan (25), a hawker from the New market area;[155] Md Farooq (32), an employee of a furniture shop; Faisal Ahmed Shanto (24), a student of Omargani M.E.S. College;[156] Md Wasim Akram (22), a student of the Sociology Department at Chittagong College and an activist of Chatra Dal;[157] and Abu Sayed (25), a student of the Department of English at Begum Rokeya University.[158][159]

Outside of Begum Rokeya University at Rangpur, Abu Sayed spread his chest just before he was shot by police. He was severely injured and died of excessive bleeding on the way to the hospital. A photograph of the incident became viral online as a symbol of the protest and martyrdom.[citation needed]

Sabuj Ali (25), a member of the Chhatra League and a student of Dhaka College,[28] was also among those who died during the violence.[160]

18 July

[edit]

At least eleven people were reported killed across the country during the Complete Shutdown program called by the anti-discrimination student movement.[154]

Five people were killed in a clash between the police at Uttara, including two students of Northern University.[161][162]

A student was killed in police firing in Savar.[161]

Siyam (18), a worker of a battery shop in Gulistan killed by police at Shonir Akhra.[34]

Dipta Dey (21), a second year student of Madaripur Government College was killed after jumping into a lake in Madaripur as students demanding quota reform were chased by the police and Chhatra League activists during the students' protest programme.[163]

One person was reported killed in Narsingdi in a clash between police and students.[162]

Farhan Faiyaz (17), a student of Dhaka Residential Model College, was killed in a police clash with quota reform activists in Dhaka, making him the youngest of the all dead protesters.[164]

Reactions

[edit]

Domestic

[edit]

Bangladesh's largest opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, denounced the Chhatra League attacks on the protesters.[165] The Left Democratic Alliance also denounced the suppressions saying that "The government is delivering provocative speeches instead of recognizing logical changes in the quota system".[166]

Thirty eminent citizens of the country condemned the loss of lives in violent clashes during the protests.[167] Non-governmental organization Transparency International Bangladesh also denounced the suppressions.[168]

The US Embassy in Bangladesh issued an alert for its citizens living in the country to avoid demonstrations and exercise caution in the vicinity of any large gatherings.[169] The embassy was later closed due to the escalating situation.[170]

International

[edit]

United States Department of State spokesperson Matthew Miller condemned the attacks on protesters by the Chhatra League.[171] However, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh, Saheli Sabrin, called Miller's remarks "unsubstantiated claims".[172]

U.S. Congressman Andy Kim condemned the violence by the government against the student protestors.[173]

UN Secretary General António Guterres expressed his concerns and urged the government to ensure a conducive environment for dialogue and encouraged protesters to engage in dialogue to resolve the deadlock.[174][175]

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk urged the government to engage with student protesters and to stop the violence.[176]

Ambassador of the European Union to Bangladesh Charles Whiteley stated that he "wants to see a quick resolution of present situation" and urges the government for "avoidance of futher violence and bloodshed".[177][178]

The All India Students Association denounced the violence and expressed their solidarity with student protesters.[179]

The All India Democratic Students Organisation staged a protest in Kolkata in support of the Bangladeshi students.[180][181][182]

Amnesty International condemned the attacks against protesters and called on the government "to immediately guarantee the safety of all peaceful protesters and proper treatment of all those injured".[183][171]

The digital civil rights NGO Access Now urged the government for unrestricted internet access and transparency during disruptions, with service providers giving prior notification and explanations to users.[184]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ [13][14][15][16][17][18] [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
  2. ^ Razakars were a paramilitary force during the Bangladesh Liberation War which collaborated with the Pakistani forces to halt the independence of Bangladesh. In modern Bangladesh, the term razakar is used as a pejorative, meaning "traitor" or "collaborator", similar to the usage of "Quisling" in the Western World.
  3. ^ In some version, সরকার (lit. 'Government') is used instead of স্বৈরাচার (lit. 'Autocrat').[citation needed]
  4. ^ In some version, চেয়েছিলাম is used instead of চাইতে গেলাম but the meaning remains unchanged.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "BNP lends support to anti-quota, pension protests". The Daily Star. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  2. ^ "BNP morally supports protests over pension scheme, quota system: Fakhrul". The Financial Express. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  3. ^ "GM Quader extends support to quota reform protesters". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  4. ^ প্রতিনিধি, বিশেষ (5 July 2024). "কোটা ও পেনশনবিরোধী আন্দোলনে বাংলাদেশ জাসদের সমর্থন". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  5. ^ Hasnat, Saif; Das, Anupreeta (16 July 2024). "Bangladesh Deploys Border Force to Try to Quell Student Protests". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Govt deploys BGB troops in 4 districts". Daily Sun. 16 July 2024.
  7. ^ "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনকারীদের রুখে দেওয়ার ঘোষণা যুবলীগের". Kalbela (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  8. ^ "None to be spared for committing subversive acts: Home minister". Prothom Alo. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  9. ^ Report, Star Online (16 July 2024). "ছাত্রদের মতবিরোধ হলেই বাকবিতণ্ডা হয়, সে রকমই কিছু কিছু জায়গায় হচ্ছে: স্বরাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী". The Daily Star Bangla (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Palak issues final warning, blames Facebook for misinformation". The Business Post. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  11. ^ "BCL ready to face those trying to politicise quota protests: Saddam". The Daily Star. 11 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Quota reform: 3 killed in Chittagong Chhatra League-protester clash". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  13. ^ "350 injured as BCL attacks quota protesters". New Age. 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024.
  14. ^ "আহত ২৯৭ জন ঢাকা মেডিকেলে চিকিৎসা নেন". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 15 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Clash involving BCL, around 250 quota protesters injured". www.dailymessenger. 15 July 2024.
  16. ^ "Clash involving BCL, quota protesters leave around 250 injured". UNB. 15 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured". Reuters. 15 July 2024.
  18. ^ "At least 100 wounded as Bangladesh students protest government job quotas". Al jazeera. 15 July 2024.
  19. ^ "More than 400 injured in Bangladesh job quota rally clashes". Barron's. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  20. ^ "ফেনীতে শিক্ষার্থীদের বিক্ষোভে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, পুলিশসহ আহত ২০". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  21. ^ "মুন্সিগঞ্জে পুলিশের উপস্থিতিতে ছাত্রলীগের হামলা, আহত-৫". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  22. ^ "Several injured as violent clashes erupt at Barishal University". The business standard. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Quota reform movement: 21 injured receive treatment at DMCH". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  24. ^ "ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়ায় শিক্ষার্থীদের সাথে ছাত্রলীগের সংঘর্ষ, ওসিসহ আহত ২০=". Jamuna TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  25. ^ "Quota movement: 70 injured as clash breaks out in JU". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Violence erupts in Dhaka over quota protests; 50 injured". The Financial Express. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Child among six shot during Shanir Akhra clash following police attack". BDNews24. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
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