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Nguyễn Phú Trọng

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In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Nguyễn. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Trọng.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Trọng in 2023
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
In office
19 January 2011 – 19 July 2024
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
Succeeded byVacant
Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party
In office
19 January 2011 – 19 July 2024
DeputyPhùng Quang Thanh
Ngô Xuân Lịch
Phan Văn Giang
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
10th President of Vietnam
In office
23 October 2018 – 5 April 2021
Prime MinisterNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Vice PresidentĐặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
Preceded byTrần Đại Quang
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (acting)
Succeeded byNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam
In office
26 June 2006 – 23 July 2011
Preceded byNguyễn Văn An
Succeeded byNguyễn Sinh Hùng
Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee
In office
January 2000 – 26 June 2006
Preceded byLê Xuân Tùng
Succeeded byPhạm Quang Nghị
Personal details
Born(1944-04-14)14 April 1944
Đông Anh, Hanoi, Tonkin, Japanese-occupied French Indochina
Died19 July 2024(2024-07-19) (aged 80)
Hoàn Kiếm, Hanoi, Vietnam
Political partyCommunist Party of Vietnam
SpouseNgô Thị Mận
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Hanoi
National Academy of Public Administration
Russian Academy of Sciences
Occupation
  • Politician
  • professor
SignatureSignature of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyen Phu Trong signature

Nguyễn Phú Trọng (Vietnamese: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ fu˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ] ⓘ; 14 April 1944 – 19 July 2024) was a Vietnamese politician and communist theorist who served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 2011 until his death in 2024. As the head of the party's Secretariat, Politburo and Central Military Commission, Trọng was Vietnam's paramount leader.[1] He also previously served as president of Vietnam from 2018 to 2021.[2]

Trọng joined the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1968, and rose through the section devoted to political work. He later joined the party's Central Committee in 1994, its Politburo in 1997 and Vietnam's National Assembly in 2002. Between 2000 and 2006, he was the Party Secretary for Hanoi, effectively the city's highest-ranking position. He served as Chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011.[2]

He rose to the general secretaryship at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011 and was re-elected at the 12th National Congress in 2016. He became state president in 2018 following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, becoming the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh and Trường Chinh. At the 13th National Congress in 2021, he was re-elected as general secretary, becoming the third leader of Vietnam to secure a third term (after Hồ Chí Minh and Lê Duẩn), and was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as president.[2]

During his tenure, Trọng pursued a wide anti-corruption campaign, implicating numerous senior officials to a degree unprecedented in Vietnamese political history. His foreign policy, known as "bamboo diplomacy", sought to balance Vietnam's relations with both the United States and China. Trọng is considered one of the most influential Vietnamese leaders since Hồ Chí Minh.[3]

Early life and career

[edit]
Trọng in 2006

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was born in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh district of Hanoi in 1944. His official biography gives his family background only as "average peasant".[4] He studied philology and earned his Bachelor degree in philology at Vietnam National University, Hanoi from 1963 to 1967. Trong joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on December 19, 1967.[5]

He worked for the Tạp chí Cộng Sản (Communist Review), the theoretical and political agency of the Communist Party of Vietnam (formerly the Labor Party) in the periods of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996. From 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course at the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration). From 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of the Tạp chí Cộng Sản. Trong went to the Soviet Union in 1981 to study at the Academy of Sciences and received a Candidate of Sciences degree in history in 1983.[6] From 1998 to 2001, he was the Vice Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council of the Communist Party of Vietnam, then becoming the chairman of the Theoretical Council until 2006.[7] Trong was a member of the party's Central Committee from January 1994, the party's Politburo from December 1997 and deputy to the National Assembly from May 2002. From January 2000 to June 2006, Trong was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, the de facto head of the city authority. On 26 June 2006, Trong was elected as the Chairman of the National Assembly.[8] During this period, he was elected secretary of the party organization in the National Assembly and member of the Council for Defence and Security. On 23 October 2018, Trong was elected as the 10th President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a seasonal meeting of National Assembly.[9]

General Secretary Trong arrives at Joint Base Andrews to meet President Barack Obama, 6 July 2015
President Donald Trump and President Trong in front of a statue of Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh, 27 February 2019

General Secretaryship

[edit]

First term (2011–2016)

[edit]
Further information: 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 13th National Assembly of Vietnam

Trong was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2011 at the 11th National Congress, making him the top leader of Vietnam.[10][11][12][13] The 5th plenum of the 11th Central Committee decided to take the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption away from the Prime Minister's control and Trong was elected its head.[14][15]

Domestic policy

[edit]

In 2012, he urged the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) to adopt Resolution No. 12, which called for party building and self-criticism amongst party officials, calling them to lead by example and be held accountable for corruption and waste.[16] Afterwards, the Central Steering Committee on Anti-corruption was directly placed under the administration of the Politburo. He further passed the Decision 244 of the CPV, establishing a formalized process of political succession and restricting the ability of CPV delegates to select new Central Committee members by requiring the outgoing Central Committee to approve the candidates. It also prohibited Politburo members from nominating Central Committee candidates without support from the Politburo.[16]

Foreign policy

[edit]
China
[edit]

On 11 October 2011, he made his first visit to China as General Secretary. According to the Vietnamese state news media, Hu Jintao and Trong both agreed to avoid escalating the situation in the South China Sea and to handle disagreements through peaceful negotiations. In December 2011, then-Vice President of China Xi Jinping visited Vietnam to "concretize" the results of the October discussions between Trọng and Hu. In 2015, Trọng paid a state visit to China, where he met President Xi Jinping.[17]

United States

[edit]
President of the United States Barack Obama talks to Trọng in 2015

On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Trong arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to 10 July 2015. This visit coincided with the milestone of twenty years since the United States and Vietnam normalized diplomatic relations. The talks with President Barack Obama were about human rights, security and defense and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[18][19] Trọng was the first Vietnamese party chief to make a state visit to the United States. He also met Vice President Biden and former President Clinton.[20] At a talk at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, he spoke frankly about democracy in Vietnam with American scholars.[21]

India
[edit]

On 20 November 2013, Trọng paid an official visit to India. This State-level visit to India also aims to contribute to strengthening Vietnam-India relations, bringing the strategic partnership between the two countries to a new level, more substantive and more effective.[22]

Trọng laid wreath at the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi during his visit to India in 2013
Russia
[edit]

During Trọng's first term, Vietnam and Russia upgraded their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2012.[23] Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Vietnam abstained from voting to declare the annexation through a referendum invalid at the United Nations.[24]

Second term (2016–2021)

[edit]
Further information: 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 14th National Assembly of Vietnam

On 27 January 2016, Trong was re-elected as General Secretary by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee.[25][26]

In his second term, Trọng launched a large anti-corruption campaign, with the Politburo taking disciplinary actions against 110 senior Party members between 2017 and 2020, including three Politburo members, one former Politburo member, 10 Central Committee members and 17 former Central Committee members. Some of the disciplinary actions included criminal charges.[16]

Trọng with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Sochi, Russia, 6 September 2018

Anti-corruption campaign

[edit]
Main article: Corruption in Vietnam § Government anti-corruption efforts

After being reelected as General Secretary in 2016, Trọng launched a large-scale campaign against corruption. The campaign has resulted in thousands of high-ranking officials being disciplined, imprisoned, and forced to resign from positions in the government, including the president Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, who resigned after several of his subordinates were involved in corruption scandals.[27] He compared this campaign to "burning a furnace" ("đốt lò"), hence the name Dot lo campaign. The campaign is considered by observers to be an effort by the Party to regain power and prestige as well as strengthen people's trust in the government and the Party's leadership.[28] Especially during his third term, Trọng's government handled many notable corruption cases, such as Việt Á scandal and the 304 trillion dong Van Thinh Phat Holdings Group case.[29][30]

Trọng visited China in January 2017, where Beijing and Hanoi signed 15 cooperation documents in various fields and issued a 10-point joint communiqué to deepen Sino-Vietnamese relations.[31] According to state media, the two leaders pledged to continue the "friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive cooperation, long-term stability, towards the future" between China and Vietnam.[32]

Presidency (2018–2021)

[edit]

Trọng met Donald Trump in February 2019 during the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit. On 3 October 2018, following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, the Central Committee of the CPV formally nominated Trong for the presidency, which was voted on at a subsequent session of the National Assembly, where the party holds an overwhelming majority.[33][34] This made Trọng the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. The National Assembly elected Trong as the 10th president on 23 October 2018 with 99.79% percent of the vote in a meeting of the sixth session of the National Assembly. His swearing-in ceremony took place at the Grand Hall and was broadcast live on the afternoon on state radio and television systems.[35]

Trọng met with President Donald Trump in Hanoi, 2019

In 2019, Vietnam was chosen to host the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit. [36] Trọng met two leaders as a neutral host state leader.[37][38]

On 14 April 2019, it was reported that Trong had been rushed to the Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City after visiting Kiên Giang, according to overseas news sources.[39] He was rumoured to have suffered a stroke.[40] The Vietnamese government initially had no comment on the subject matter, but later confirmed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam that he was "unwell, but will soon return to work".[41] He reappeared on 14 May 2019 to discuss about the upcoming Party Congress.[42]

Third term (2021–2024)

[edit]
Further information: 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 15th National Assembly of Vietnam
Trong with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2022
Trong with US President Joe Biden in 2023

On 31 January 2021, Trong was re-elected as General Secretary for a third term by the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, making him the first leader since Lê Duẩn (1969–1986) to serve more than two terms.[26][43] On 1 February 2021, Trong attended a press conference. Trong said:

I am not in great health [...] I am old and I want to rest, but the Congress has elected me so I will comply with my duty to serve as a party member.[44]

Trọng was the first person to be elected as CPV general secretary for a third term since 1986.[45]

The National Assembly on 2 April 2021 voted to relieve Trong's presidency with 91.25% of the vote. Trong remained de facto top leader in the country, serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.[46] He was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc.[47]

In 2022, between 30 October and 2 November, Trọng visited China and met Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping, becoming the first foreign leader to meet Xi after he secured a third term in the 20th CCP National Congress.[48] Both leaders released a joint statement, calling for cooperation in economic, political, defense and security areas and working together in "the fight against terrorism, 'peaceful evolution', 'colour revolution' and the politicisation of human rights issues".[48] Xi paid a reciprocal visit a year later in December 2023 to Hanoi.[49][50] During Xi's 2023 visit, the two leaders agreed to build "a community of shared future for humankind", just months after Hanoi upgraded its formal relations with the United States.[51]

In January 2023, Phúc resigned from the presidency due to corruption scandals, leading Trọng's ally Võ Văn Thưởng to succeed him in March.[52] When the Russo-Ukrainian War broke out, Vietnam maintained a neutral stance. Vietnam has abstained from voting at most United Nations voting sessions.[53][54] From 21 to 23 May 2023, the deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, and former president and prime minister, Dmitry Medvedev, visited Vietnam and met with Trọng. They discussed the strengthening of ties between Russia and Vietnam and the current international situation.[55] During a visit to Vietnam on 10 September 2023, U.S. president Joe Biden visited with Trong, with the Vietnamese government upgrading the relationship between the countries to that of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, the highest awarded by Vietnam.[56][57]

On 19 June 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Vietnam and met with Trong.[58] Putin thanked Vietnam for its "balanced position" on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[59]

Trọng with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Hanoi, June 2024

Political positions

[edit]
Trọng with the President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso in 2013

Ideologically, Trọng was considered to be coming from the more conservative Marxist–Leninist faction within the CPV.[60] He long railed against some party members' loss of "Marxist–Leninist virtue".[61] Trọng stated that "a country without discipline would be chaotic and unstable [...]. We need to balance democracy and law and order"[62] He criticized liberal democracy in a book in 2022, writing that "behind the multiparty system in reality is still the tyranny of capitalist corporations" and "the reality is that the democratic institutions according to the 'liberal democracy' formula that the West tries to promote and impose on the world do not ensure that power truly belongs to the people, by the people and for the people".[63]

Personal life

[edit]

Trong was married to Ngô Thị Mận.[64] He had one daughter and one son,[65][66] both of whom work as Government employees.[67]

Death

[edit]
Trọng's last publicized image during Putin's state visit to Vietnam, one month before his death.

Trọng died at 13:38 (UTC+07:00) on 19 July 2024 in Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi, at the age of 80. State media, citing information from the Professional Council for Health Protection of Central Officials (Hội đồng chuyên môn bảo vệ sức khỏe cán bộ Trung ương), said he died "after a period of illness".[68][69][70] His death was announced to the public at around 18:00 (UTC+07:00).[71][72][2]

Messages of condolences were sent from the leaders of Laos, Cambodia, China, Russia, Belarus, Cuba, Thailand, India, North Korea, South Korea, the United States, Japan and Australia.[73][74][75] Additionally, the United States ambassador to Vietnam also released a statement of condolences.[76] The Cuban government declared a period of state mourning.[77]

Honours

[edit]

State honours

[edit]

Vietnam

  • Gold Star Order (18 July 2024)[78]
  • 50-year Party membership badge (2018)[79]
  • Resistance War Medal First Class[80]
  • 55-year Party membership badge (2023)[81]

Foreign

Other honours

[edit]

Published works

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2004). Viet Nam on The Path of Renewal (Việt Nam Trong Tiến Trình Đổi Mới). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 351 p.[86]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2015). Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality (Đổi Mới ở Việt Nam: Lý thuyết và thực tiễn). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 397 p.[87]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong; Tran Dinh Nghiem; Vu Hien (1995). Vietnam from 1986 (Việt Nam từ năm 1986). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 116 p.[88]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2019) Determined to prevent and fight corruption (Quyết tâm ngăn chặn và đẩy lùi tham nhũng), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 380 p.[89]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) Bringing the country into a new phase in a united and confident manner (Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 752 p.[90]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) The whole Party and people join hands and unite to build our country more and more prosperous and happy (Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc). Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher (2021), 608 p.[91]
  • Nguyen Phu Trong (2023) Resolutely and persistently fight against corruption and negativity, contributing to building an increasingly clean and strong Party and State (Kiên quyết, kiên trì đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực, góp phần xây dựng Đảng và Nhà nước ta ngày càng trong sạch, vững mạnh. Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 600 p.[92]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b c d Wee, Sui-Lee (19 July 2024). "Nguyen Phu Trong, Powerful Vietnamese Leader, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  3. ^ "Vietnam's Most Powerful Leader, Party Chief Trong, Dies". Bloomberg. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Biography of Party General Secretary, President Nguyễn Phú Trọng". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
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  6. ^ Нгуен Фу Чонг – Деятельность Коммунистической партии Вьетнама по укреплению ее связи с массами на современном этапе : с учетом опыта КПСС : диссертация ... кандидата исторических наук : 07.00.14 – Search RSL. search.rsl.ru (Thesis) (in Russian). 1983. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
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  62. ^ "One-party rule best for Vietnam, says leader". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 January 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  63. ^ Wee, Sui-Lee (19 July 2024). "Nguyen Phu Trong, Powerful Vietnamese Leader, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  64. ^ "Việt Nam chào đón Chủ tịch Tập Cận Bình" [Vietnam welcomes President Xi Jinping]. Vietnamese BBC. BBC. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng và phu nhân, bà Ngô Thị Mân[...] [General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng and his wife, Mrs Ngô Thị Mân[...]]
  65. ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch Nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "Vị Tướng" có vai trò đặc biệt trong cuộc chiến chống giặc nội xâm!" [General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "The General Officer" plays a special role in the fight against the internal invaders!]. phaply. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Đám cưới con gái ruột[...] [At his biological daughter's wedding[...]]
  66. ^ Nguyễn, Hưng (14 September 2011). "'Ghi chức danh trên thiệp cưới là biểu hiện trục lợi'" [Writing a title on a wedding invitation is an expression of profiting]. VNExpress. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Cuối năm 2009, tôi [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] nhận được thiệp báo hỉ của Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng (khi ấy là Chủ tịch Quốc hội). Do không để ý đó là thiệp bảo hỉ, mở ra thấy đã qua ngày cưới của con trai ông[...] [At the end of 2009, I [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] received a congratulation card from General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng (formerly the Chairman of the National Assembly). Because I did not notice that was a congratulation card, I opened it and saw that it's past his son's wedding day[...]]
  67. ^ Hoang, Thùy; Viết, Tuân (23 October 2018). "Tân Chủ tịch nước 'dành tiền lương mua công trái, gửi tiết kiệm'". VNExpress. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Theo ông Quảng, Tổng bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng có hai người con, một gái, một trai và đều là những công chức nhà nước bình thường. [According to Mr. Quảng, General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng has two children, one daughter and one son, and both are ordinary public servants of the Government.]
  68. ^ "Vietnam Communist Party chief Trong dies at 80, state media says". Reuters. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  69. ^ Wong, Tessa (19 July 2024). "Vietnamese leader Nguyen Phu Trong dies at 80". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  70. ^ "TỔNG BÍ THƯ NGUYỄN PHÚ TRỌNG TỪ TRẦN". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  71. ^ "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". VTC News (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  72. ^ "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". Nhân Dân (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  73. ^ "Lãnh đạo các nước chia buồn Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". VnExpress. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  74. ^ "Lãnh đạo các nước gửi Thư, Điện, Thông điệp chia buồn Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam. 20 July 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  75. ^ "中共中央就越共中央总书记阮富仲逝世向越共中央致唁电-新华网". 新华网_让新闻离你更近 (in Chinese). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  76. ^ Knapper, Marc E. (19 July 2024). "Statement on the Passing of General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng by Ambassador of the United States to Vietnam Marc E. Knapper". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. United States Department of State. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  77. ^ https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1659619/cuba-announces-state-mourning-in-commemoration-of-viet-nam-s-leader.html
  78. ^ "Gold Star Order bestowed on Party General Secretary". VOV.VN. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  79. ^ "Trao Huy hiệu 50 năm tuổi Đảng tặng Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng". Quân đội Nhân dân (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
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  81. ^ "Party leader receives "55-year-Party membership" badge". THE VOICE OF VIETNAM. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  82. ^ "China Friendship Medal bestowed on Vietnamese Party leader". Voice of Vietnam. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  83. ^ "Trong received Order of Jose Martí". Archived from the original on 1 August 2013.
  84. ^ "Laos confers noble medals to Vietnamese senior leaders". Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  85. ^ "General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong received Lenin Prize (in Vietnamese)". 16 December 2021.
  86. ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  87. ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
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  89. ^ "Xuất bản cuốn sách". hanoimoi.com.vn (in Vietnamese). 11 April 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  90. ^ "Sách "Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới"". stbook.vn (in Vietnamese).
  91. ^ "Sách "Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc"" (in Vietnamese).
  92. ^ "Ra mắt cuốn sách của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng về đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực". dangcongsan.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 January 2023.
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Party political offices
Preceded by General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
2011–2024 		Incumbent
Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam
2011–2024
Political offices
Preceded by Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam
2006–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Vietnam
2018–2021 		Succeeded by
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